The <sub> element designates that the enclosed text should be vertically aligned lower then the rest of the text.
H 2 O Water
Cl 2 Chlorine gas
H 2 So 4 Sulfuric acid
C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 Caffeine
C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose
Co 2 Carbon Dioxide
SiO 2 Quartz
NaHCO 3 Baking soda
CHCl 3 Chloroform
CaCO 3 Limestone
NH 3 Ammonia